Macbeth Motifs free essay sample

Another noticeable case of appearance versus reality in Macbeth is the whole scene of Scene five in Act one when Lady Macbeth baits Duncan into her château. During this scene Lady Macbeth carries on like a â€Å"innocent bloom while being the snake underneath† by tolerating Duncan into her home cheerfully, causing him to accept she was a devoted dependent upon him at the same time plotting his passing. The last case of appearance versus reality in Macbeth is in Act four Scene three when Malcolm meets Macduff in England, he is at first careful about him. To test his trustworthiness, Malcolm claims to have extremely low virtues and professes to be a womanizer, voracious, and offensive; yet it reality, Malcolm is the exact inverse. In Act one Scene two of Macbeth, blood was the subsequent theme introduced. Blood is shown wherever in the play Macbeth starting with the initial fight among Scotland and Norway when the â€Å"bloody† or draining chief shows up. We will compose a custom paper test on Macbeth Motifs or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Before Macbeth and Lady Macbeth initiated upon their killing journey, blood started to represent their blame. Toward the finish of Act two Scene one, Macbeth has a talk as he â€Å"sees† a gliding grisly blade. One can likewise derive that the â€Å"dagger† discourse is additionally a piece of the theme appearances versus reality: Macbeth may be seeing the blade just because of the looming blame and wrongdoing he was going to submit. As the play proceeds, blood comes to represent their blame, and Macbeth starts to feel that their violations have recolored them in a manner that can't be washed clean. In Act two Scene two Macbeth cries in the wake of executing Duncan â€Å"Will all extraordinary Neptune’s sea wash this blood/Clean from my hand? No; this my hand will rather/the innumerable oceans incarnadine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (II. ii, lines 58-61). Notwithstanding this blame, Macbeth keeps on killing various individuals bringing about the theme, blood, showing up once more. In Act five Scene one, Lady Macbeth starts to encounter smothered blame too when she begins to rest walk. While Lady Macbeth rest strolls she converses with herself and consistently focuses on her hands a washing movement so as to dispose of the blood no one but she can see. Like the â€Å"dagger† speech, Lady Macbeth’s sleepwalking scene can likewise be viewed as a piece of the theme appearances versus reality since the blood she is attempting to wash away isn’t there. In Act one Scene three of Macbeth, the theme dimness is the third theme introduced. All through the whole play, except for Act one Scene six, dimness was the primary â€Å"setting†, furnishing the play with a foreboding and creepy temperament. One can reason that this theme was additionally used to ineffectively shield the malevolent doings of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Haziness is first acquainted or induced with when Macbeth expresses that the climate was awful in Act one Scene three. Haziness is additionally introduced in Act one Scene five when Lady Macbeth approaches obscurity to shield everyone's eyes to her fiendish demonstrations. In Act two Scene four, it is made evident that Darkness has joined different variations from the norm after Duncan was killed when Ross says, â€Å"By Th’ clock ‘tis day/but then dull night chokes the voyaging light: Isn’t night’s power, or the day’s disgrace/That obscurity does the substance of the earth bury/When living light should kiss it? † (II. iv, lines 6-9). In spite of the fact that obscurity was called by Lady Macbeth for security, it in the end betrays her, making her terrified of the haziness. This can be concluded on account of the consistent flame she hefts around while sleepwalking in Act five scene one. One can likewise reason that in the last scene and demonstration of the play, the obscurity that has tormented Scotland scatters with the demise of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. All through the Shakespearean disaster Macbeth, themes assume a focal job as an approach to show significant activities, scenes, and lines. The three themes, appearances versus reality, blood, and murkiness, are the most noticeable themes since they add structure and whole to the play. One can assume that the three themes are basic to the characters and settings structure. Works Cited Shakespeare, William, and Eugene M. Waith. The Tragedy of Macbeth;. New Haven: Yale UP, 1954. Print.

Nucleoside Analogue Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nucleoside Analog - Research Paper Example Regardless of the exceptional achievement of this strategy, the utilization of long lasting HBIg for hepatitis B prophylaxis has its confinements. Among others are the significant expense, restricted gracefully and parental organization. The patient needs to often visit the facility as well and requires lab observing. Another issue with HBIg is it’s a blood item not promptly exhorted by doctors. In the event that a more secure non-organic option existed, it would have been simple for the patients. This specific investigation inspected 61 patients that went under contributor orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The examination found that the HBIg discontinuance an a year least after the transplant with progressive organization of nucleoside and nucleotide simple specialist gives a successful prophylaxis against repeating HBV contamination. In spite of the accomplishment of the strategy concerns despite everything continue while applying a similar method to patients with inte rminable stable renal brokenness. One repeat case in the investigation seroconverted to HBsAg while being controlled oral antivirals (to treat renal brokenness). Henceforth renal brokenness represents a complexity in applying this technique. Renal harmfulness is as yet a matter of concern in regards to the drawn out use of oral antiviral medications for forestalling HBV. This investigation didn’t show any change in renal useful of patients be that as it may, the focal point of the examination was not the renal useless, concentrates with bigger lengths and follow up ought to be led to break down this angle extensively. In addition this examination doesn’t spread cooperation between hepatitis delta, hepatitis C and pre-transplant hepatitis B viremia, for the danger of hepatitis B forward leap on our convention. Subsequently the oral antiviral methodology should be performed on generally safe patients. Liver transplant beneficiaries are at an incredible danger of securing hepatitis B after liver transplantation. The transplantation performed is a preventive measure against the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) related liver sickness. This investigation by Saab et al. (2011) assesses the viability of the new hepatitis B prophylaxis, consolidating change from a year of HBIg alongside lamivudine, to ‘combination therapy’. This was finished utilizing oral nucleotide and nucleoside simple. During the exploration (between June 2008 and May 2010) 61 liver transplant beneficiaries altogether, were changed over to a blend of a nucleotide and nucleoside simple. Standard deviation (or the mean) follow-up time after change was recorded at 15.0 (Â ±6.1) months. Repeating HBV happened to in just two patients (3.3%) at 3.1 and 16.6 months when HBIg measurement was stopped. The time occurrence rate for HBV backslide subsequent to ending the HBIg was determined at around 2.7 cases per 100 man years. HBV backslide was evaluated at 1.7% at 1 year subsequent to end ing the HBIg. The HBIg end a year least after the liver transplantation with succeeding ‘combination therapy’ with a nucleotide and nucleoside simple, gives successful prophylaxis to battle against repeating HBV disease. The clinical relationship of HBsAg discoveries, shy of the clinical, atomic or biochemical pointers of repeating hepatitis B, require further examination. One confinement of the investigation was it did exclude a benchmark group. Every single qualified patient at the middle were put to double nucleoside and

Three Passions free essay sample

Living in a Foreign Country Living endlessly from home your nation can be a truly intriguing and life-changing experience, and yet it has significant impacts on our life. I moved to U. S in 2005 and that was a hard choice to leave my nation. I was just 18 years of age and I had no beneficial experience. At that point, everything changed, for the best I think. One impact is that once I began a normal life away from home, I miss everything. This reality doesn't imply that I am despondent yet that I am mindful of being all alone. Missing my family and the consideration that they all paid to me is normal detail. Subtleties like sitting on Sunday early daytime staring at the TV with my sibling or having a pleasant talk with my mother causes me to acknowledge how important family truly is. I miss all the offices that I used to have back home, similar to my home, my bed and my washroom. We will compose a custom paper test on Three Passions or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Other impact is figuring out how to acknowledge an alternate kind of society and culture in my day by day life. This is a nation with various traditions and customs from mine. I needed to make new companions, learned different purposes of perspectives, and acknowledged individuals conclusion and worth. The language was the most hard to become accustomed to it and to learn. Rather listen my local language constantly; I needed to listen individuals talking in English. The most critical impact of living route from home is the autonomy conduct that had becomes within me. Living all alone a long way from my family gives me a ton of encounters toward sorting out my life. I need to go to class, tidy up my room, wash my garments and take care of every one of my tabs, this is implies that I have a decent duty. Being autonomous and dependable causes me overcome life each objective that I need to accomplish. Living a long way from home, can be extremely hard toward the start. I need to recall that all progressions are troublesome, yet they are important to experience. Generally significant of all, it encourages me value everything that I have. I understand that I am so fortunate to be here, in light of the fact that solitary great open door has come since I arrived. I need to make the best out of them.

New class proposal

Unmistakably numerous understudies have not built up an affection and thankfulness for the composed word during the time before they showed up at school. In spite of the fact that the old style works of Nathaniel Hawthorn and Charles Dickens and others may have profound intrigue to the individuals who have just figured out how to appreciate the composed word, the reality of the situation is that numerous understudies nowadays never build up that appreciation. Consequently, I am proposing a prologue to writing class that will play to the outwardly based nature of most understudies and energize an affection for perusing: I am proposing a realistic books prologue to writing class. With books like Maus and V for Vendetta, understudies can be presented to political thoughts and solid writing in a way that is probably going to keep them turning the pages and not considering it work. I figure most understudies will anticipate that this class should be â€Å"easy† and be shocked to find that they really pick up something while at the same time â€Å"reading comics†.â I think a teacher acquainted with the exciting bends in the road of the Marvel universe and American governmental issues could give understudies a superior comprehension of recent developments, including the Patriot Act and different annihilations of common freedoms, by means of a perusing of Marvel’s new â€Å"Civil War† arrangement. I imagine that this sort of glass would interest a wide range of individuals inside the college structure and could be an imaginative method to train thoughts going from correspondence and legislative issues to profound quality and history. If it's not too much trouble consider adding this class to the educational plan. Genuinely, Sign here

Free Essays on Multiple Sclerosis

Numerous Sclerosis is the most well-known malady of the focal sensory system. In the United States alone, there are at any rate 250,000 cases. For reasons that stay indistinct, it is increasingly pervasive in northern mild zones and influences discernibly a bigger number of ladies than men. The normal period of beginning is thirty years. These zones of sclerosis additionally alluded to as sores or plaques, happen in the white matter of the focal sensory system. Dark issue comprises fundamentally of nerve cells. Axons (nerve filaments) are the associations between the cell body and the muscles, tactile organs, and essential organs, for example, the heart. These nerve cells are the correspondence framework both inside the focal sensory system and among it and the remainder of the body. Axons are sheathed in myelin, a white substance that protects them and rates transmission of motivations along the cell filaments. Electrical driving forces move along the nerve fiber to the neural connection to the following nerve cell. Indications of MS fluctuate gigantically, both from patient to understanding and, after some time, in one patient. Side effects may incorporate shivering, tingling sensation, deadness, twofold or obscured vision, awkwardness of fine developments or of strolling, recurrence and desperation of pee, muscle shortcoming and fits, torment or loss of motion, in coordination, and state of mind or thought aggravations. Patients some of the time don't have the capacity do to carry on typical day by day exercises. Engine manifestations incorporate shortcoming, spasticity, loss of parity or in coordination, and discourse issue. Tactile side effects incorporate tingling sensation, shivering, sentiments of snugness or strength and, here and there, sharp agonies. Visual indications incorporate obscured or twofold vision, automatic eye developments, and, every so often, visual impairment, which is quite often brief. Urinary indications are normal, as are visit urinary tract contaminations. Vitality issues incorporate an absence of vitality, simple fatigability, and absence of continuance, especially within the sight of warmth and moistness. Warmth and hu... Free Essays on Multiple Sclerosis Free Essays on Multiple Sclerosis Various Sclerosis is the most well-known infection of the focal sensory system. In the United States alone, there are in any event 250,000 cases. For reasons that stay indistinct, it is increasingly pervasive in northern mild zones and influences discernibly a greater number of ladies than men. The normal time of beginning is thirty years. These regions of sclerosis additionally alluded to as sores or plaques, happen in the white matter of the focal sensory system. Dim issue comprises fundamentally of nerve cells. Axons (nerve filaments) are the associations between the cell body and the muscles, tangible organs, and essential organs, for example, the heart. These nerve cells are the correspondence framework both inside the focal sensory system and among it and the remainder of the body. Axons are sheathed in myelin, a white substance that protects them and velocities transmission of driving forces along the cell strands. Electrical motivations move along the nerve fiber to the neurotransmitter to the following nerve cell. Side effects of MS change hugely, both from patient to persistent and, after some time, in one patient. Side effects may incorporate shivering, tingling sensation, deadness, twofold or obscured vision, awkwardness of fine developments or of strolling, recurrence and desperation of pee, muscle shortcoming and fits, agony or loss of motion, in coordination, and mind-set or thought unsettling influences. Patients some of the time don't have the capacity do to carry on ordinary day by day exercises. Engine side effects incorporate shortcoming, spasticity, loss of parity or in coordination, and discourse issue. Tangible side effects incorporate tingling sensation, shivering, sentiments of snugness or robustness and, now and again, sharp agonies. Visual indications incorporate obscured or twofold vision, automatic eye developments, and, once in a while, visual impairment, which is quite often transitory. Urinary manifestations are normal, as are visit urinary tract contaminations. Vitality issues incorporate an absence of vitality, simple fatigability, and absence of continuance, especially within the sight of warmth and moistness. Warmth and hu...

Introducing the IEW®

   Quite often we get phone calls or emails from IEW fans asking us to recommend an â€Å"IEW ® School† in their area. Sometimes the request comes from a family moving to a new city or a homeschooling family wanting to enroll their children in a full-time or hybrid school that uses IEW. Occasionally, it’s a teacher or administrator considering implementing Structure and Style who would like to consult with another school for advice and recommendations. No matter the reason, they are looking for our endorsement of a school where IEW’s Structure and Style ® Writing . This mission accomplished, we are pleased to introduce the IEW ® School Accreditation Process. The Accreditation Criteria To become an accredited school: Teachers must have completed IEW’s Teaching Writing: Structure and Style Seminar by DVD or streaming, or live through on-site professional development or by attending a Regional Workshop. Teachers must demonstrate competence in understanding the nine structural models and stylistic techniques. A school administrator or mentor must be prepared to support teachers as they use the Structure and Style ® writing method in their classrooms, as well as promote accountability and maintain progress. To maintain Accredited School status, individual qualifying teachers must renew their IEW Instructor Accreditation every two years. The Accreditation Process With these criteria in mind, we established a process for schools to become an IEW ® Accredited School All grade 2–5 teachers* must become Registered Instructors. In grades 6–12, all English-Language Arts and Humanities teachers must become Registered Instructors. A school mentor** must attain the Certified Instructor level. *Kindergarten and grade 1 teachers are not required to become Registered Instructors for a school to qualify as an accredited school, but they may choose to do so. **A school mentor is a teacher, curriculum coordinator, literacy specialist, or another faculty member who has both training and experience in using the Structure and Style writing method with students and who is ready to assist the school administrator in supporting other teachers as they use IEW in their classrooms. Mentors can demonstrate lessons, serve as instructional coaches, and become â€Å"guides along the path,† making learning the methodology less intimidating for their fellow teachers. What are the benefits of becoming an IEW Accredited School? Your school can display our official school accreditation badge on your website. IEW will list your school on our School Accreditation Page. This page will feature both schools working toward becoming accredited and those which have reached accredited status. Accredited teachers will be able to renew their streaming subscription each year at no cost. Most significantly, becoming an IEW Accredited School means that every teacher in every classroom is teaching the same process, following a clear path that builds from year to year as your students move through the grades. Your students are learning to write well, think clearly, and express themselves eloquently and persuasively. Above all, good speaking, writing, and thinking will flourish in your school, which in turn benefits the wider community. Through our IEW School Accreditation program, parents will recognize and appreciate that your school has skilled writing teachers who have been trained through IEW and have demonstrated competence and experience in the Structure and Style writing method. We invite you to become an IEW Accredited School. People are looking for you! For more information about becoming an IEW Accredited School, click here.    IEW ® and  Structure and Style ® are registered trademarks of the Institute for Excellence in Writing, L.L.C. Log in or register to post commentsJean B Nicholss blog Log in or register to post comments

Criminal Law Essay Topics

Statistics show that criminal justice essays fall right behind general law assignments in terms of difficulty. As with topics on medical science (healthcare and nursing), writing on criminal law essay topics is an endeavor that requires ultimate tact. Writing about basic law essay topics is already complicated enough, but criminal law? It requires an exceptional grasp of the intricacies of criminal law and fortitude in researching, so to speak. This is the kind of academic writing requires both pinpoint accuracy and unwavering determination, along with sufficient credible sources to support ideas and arguments. The first task is look for reliable and relevant criminal law essay topics, which most students find challenging most criminal law essay topics they find are either too broad or too narrow. Halfheartedly choosing an unworthy criminal law essay topic, as such, could potentially lead to a badly written paper, and then the inevitable instance of dealing with a failing grade - th is makes choosing a topic of utmost importance. How to Choose a Good Research Topic: General Rules to ConsiderAs with every writing task, one should always focus on the issue at hand. If the ideas are merely jotted down and scattered meandering across the paper, the thesis statement will not be clear. Criminal law essay topics, in particular, are limited and flexible because they already come with hypotheses, usually based from well-known cases and legislative acts. Remember to choose a criminal law essay topic you are confident about and particularly interested in, as the process of writing can be especially dragging if the chosen criminal law essay topic does not spark any curiosity in you. The key to writing a good criminal law essay is an almost fanatical interest, as your mindset about your work will translate to your paper.Writing Your Criminal Law PaperFocus on the particulars. Remember that you are not limited to any historical time period or by any country, but still, you are operating on a limited time and the number of pages for your paper. Choosing a broad and complicated criminal law essay topic will cause you problems, so it is best to stick to a narrow and less complex one. For instance, you can write about how a single law is interpreted and implemented in different countries.Keep your audience in mind. You may be one of the best in your class, but if you do not cater to the needs of your audience, your essay will an exercise in futility, and the reader might not even be halfway before they decide to stop. You will quickly lose their interest, especially if you write in jargon or dwell in numbers. Even if not everyone is thoroughly familiar with criminal law essay topics, the language that you use should cover the entire spectrum of your readers. Be clear without being elementary, be elaborate without being verbose.Remember to use actual cases to support your paper.What better way to strengthen your paper than with the help of actual cases? Re member that these are actual events that have already transpired instances wherein the law has been applied and working in action. While not all criminal law essay topics have a multitude of landmark cases that can serve as reference, make sure that the cases you choose are solid and noteworthy.Criminal Justice Research Topics for Topnotch GradesLooking for good research topics is already difficult, and searching for criminal law essay topics and criminal justice essay topics can direct you to a haze of confusion and frustration. To save you time and effort, we have gathered some of the most relevant topics in criminal justice, sorted according to specific categories:General Criminal Law Research TopicsIf you are unsure if your instructor will approve of an original research direction, it is best to just choose a standard topic. These topics usually plague the media, be it on TV, the internet, and newspapers. In most cases, these best general criminal law essay topics will be of in terest to you as well.Whats wrong with the prison system?Reflections on terrorismThe theory on deterrence and rational choiceSchool and workplace sexual offenders should be punished by lawThe case of men receiving capital punishment more often than womenKidnapping and ransom cases: common features, criminal motifs, and behavioral patternsThe connection between public health and criminal justiceCrime preventionDecoding arson: deliberate or accidental?Cybercrime: A legal perspectiveMass media, justice, and crimeA review on parental abduction lawsWar crimes committed by America (or another country)Police and civilians: deciphering the blurry relationsA comparative analysis of policing models: mafia to organized crimePrevention of wildlife crimeMiranda versus Arizona (1966) and the extent of its impactThe jury selection processFelon disenfranchisementThe relationship between organized crime and corruptionRape and violence: inside prison lifeJuvenile recidivismThe roles and functions of forensic scienceCases on theft and shopliftingHow can date rape be prevented?Substance abuse crimesCases on identity theftProtecting children against online predatorsCriminal and civil cases: differences and similaritiesWhat kind of laws protects domestic abuse victims?Abuse of the elderlyEthics and criminal justiceCurrent issues the US Law Enforcement should be dealing withHow has information sharing technology improved the fight against terrorism?Types of serial killersThe types and elements of robberyCorrelation of youth arrests and drug useCriminology application in public policyAggressive behavior and crimeThe inner operations of a criminal justice courtThe process of sentencing: how does it work?Punishment types and establishmentFrom a human rights perspective, is unwarranted arrest acceptable?The truth about human traffickingThe crime of racial profilingTechnology and forensicsThe similarities and differences of murder and homicideClassification of offendersCrime mappingHow a re female crimes different from male crimes?The effects of poor health conditions in prisonsWho takes care of the prisoners children?Causes and effects of victimizationThe rights of a rape victimA discussion of mandatory sentencing and the three strike rulesThe history of criminal courtsHate crimes and motivationsAre youth gangs dangerous? What motivates and influences their behaviors?The role of distributive justice in criminal justiceThe history of capital punishmentRights granted to criminals and prisonersCases of campus crimesUnderstanding the criminal trial processThe punishment of crimes with religious or racial basisFraud in the scientific field: Can researchers protect their findings using copyright?The application and effectiveness of prosecution lawsHow can parents protect their children from cyberbullying and cyberstalking?How do drug courts work?Controversial Criminal Justice Research TopicsIf you wish to cover and explore the best criminal law essay topics that touch on controversial issues, consider the list below:Which one brings more benefits, punishment or reform?Is the restorative justice model the best criminal justice tool?War on drugs: does it truly alleviate the drug problem?Should insanity be considered a reason for exemption from liability?The special juvenile justice system: should it be eliminated?School based drug testing on high schools and collegesShould mine offenders be put on probation instead?Gun control and violence: what needs to be doneShould pornography be considered a type of sexual violence?Who was Jack the Ripper? Was he ever caught?The presence of racism in the modern justice systemFalse accusations: protecting yourselfThe attitude towards concealed weapons in various statesThe correlation between crime and raceShould sex offenders should be be registered in public recordsThe relationship between poor parenting and juvenile delinquenciesRunning a background criminal check on all new employees: ethical?There is correlati on of delinquency cases and immigrant children: true or false?Restrictive housing: can it help decongest prisons?The legalization of prostitutionThe importance of eyewitness testimony in helping crime investigationsThe effectiveness of boot camps for youthful offendersThe relationship between social class and crimeCriminal Justice Research Topics on Racism DiscriminationRacism and discrimination continues to play a role in the world of crime. Here are some of the best criminal law essay topics to ruminate:Racial prejudice and the prisoners in AmericaThe history of punishment and slaveryFamous African American prisonersThe presence of discrimination in the negotiation processGender bias in eyewitness programsRacial conflicts in college campusesUnwarranted police searches on African AmericansThe use of police force on Black teenagersCriminal justice thesis topicsThere is a surge in the number of young people pursuing a degree in criminal justice, and the final step to attaining this, of course, is thesis writing. As you search for the criminal law essay topics best suited for you, remember that the world of criminal justice constantly evolves depending on the social and political climate. Paramount to your decisions should be its relevance, along with the interest it commands not only to your professors but other degree seekers. If you remain doubtful, consult the list below:The impacts of vital historical twists in the modern world of criminal justiceThe accessibility and effectiveness of the judicial system: are there any reforms that can improve current legal proceedings?A discourse on the role of private companies in the public criminal justice systemIf all drugs were legalized today, what would the criminal justice field look like?An offenders reentry into life and society: how can it be made seamless?The case of law enforcement representatives wearing cameras to monitor their actions. What are the possible effects of this implementation on the judicial sy stem and law enforcement agencies?Why do released criminals fall back into their habits?The effectiveness of strategies used to deter criminal behaviorA discussion of instances of unlawful force use by law representatives. Do criminals deserve this kind of cruelty?A comparative analysis of police treatment in different countriesMedia accuracy: how accurately do films, television, and literature depict the criminal justice system?The influence of people making public policy decisions on the criminal justice systemStories of innocent people serving their sentences because of judicial mistakes. What preventive measures should be taken?Similarities between the Mexican drug war and drug use in the United States. Can the legalization of drugs deter violence?The accuracy of criminal activities predictions: what determines it?Criminal Justice Debate TopicsLaw debate topics are complex enough due to. However, criminal law essay topics are mainly concentrated on pertinent problems, often conc erning the general public and still have no unequivocal solutions:The effectiveness and impartiality of using capital punishment to dissuade crimeUnderstanding the extradition law: is it fair?The use of trickery and deceit: are they acceptable or not for investigations and interrogations?The use prison informants: ethical or unethicalShould death penalty be implemented on juveniles?Looking into supermax prisons: effective or just cruel?Can police shootings ever be justified?Drunk drivers should go through severe punishmentMarijuana decriminalization and its effects on business, social events, and medicineZero tolerance: the best policy for reducing crime?The use of plea bargaining on settling criminal casesThe Patriot Act: threat to our civil liberties?Should shaming be part of the criminal punishment?The possibility of receiving mandatory prison sentences on criminal charges without parole and its effects on families of criminals, employers, and general social structuresThere are s till more out there, but we truly hope that this list of criminal law essay topics serves as the light at the end of the tunnel for you, so that your exhausting search will finally come to an end. The world of criminal justice constantly moves and changes, and with laws to deal with, it is important to remain within the boundaries of ethical norms. Even as you choose to write about controversial essay topics, remember to be sensitive and respectful you are, after all, dealing with life and other people.One thing to remember: this list of the best criminal law essay topics, along with the supplementary lists of law debate topics and law thesis topics are all-encompassing. For instance, know your chosen criminal law essay topic can also serve as the law debate topic of your choice if you are preparing for a debate. In similar fashion, the law debate topic can also be your law thesis topic, should the need arise.An essay writing service for youDue to the fast-paced nature of the crimi nal justice world, looking for the most suitable criminal law essay topic remains to be a force to be reckoned with amongst students. The process of writing it is even harder, of course. As you struggle to keep the rest of your life intact, being assigned a less appealing criminal law essay or research paper topic can just become the iceberg to your already rocky journey. Luckily, there are writing services out there now, like . Weve been on the market since 2006, catering to the academic help needs of students, such as yourself. We specialize in various topics, including criminal law and justice, as our writers are professionals in their respective fields. Should you need any help with academic requirements, dont hesitate to contact us!

The Civil Rights Movement Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. And...

It was the was the beginning of a new decade, Americans believed the 1960’s were going to be the dawn of the golden age. Many historical feats are occurring, John Steinbeck wins a noble peace prize, Nixon and Kennedy have the first televised debate, Mohamed Ali wins a gold medal and the Civil Rights Movement is at the precipice in America. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Governor George C. Wallace are two prominent figures throughout the Civil Rights Movement. Individually, they deliver historical speeches concerning civil rights, however the dialogue encompasses completely different messages. Comparatively, the two speeches will be presented side by side using Aristotle’s, Kairos, Ethos, Logos, and Pathos. The year was 1963, as the chaos†¦show more content†¦Likewise, Dr. King stood in a place of great significance. Here, in front of the statue of President Lincoln, is where he will present his infamous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech and it is evident of the great significance it represents. It was in 1863 that President Lincoln fought to abolish slavery and by coincidence, one hundred years later, Dr. King will be addressing more than 200,000 demonstrators fighting the same fight. On this day Dr. King will articulately responds to Governor Wallace’s speech that had taken place seven months prior. As the prominent Dr. King put it, â€Å"Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God’s children† (archives.gov). In other words, Dr. King is stating, that equality and fair justice should not be based on, ethnicity, color, or status, but in essence we are all created equal and ought to live harmoniously. Throughout these two speeches, Dr. King and Governor Wallace, both use strong evidence to strengthen their credibility and appeal to Ethos. Comparatively, both men are well educated, from the South and are well respected within their community. Governor Wallace was born a farmer’s son in the year 1919. Though he received a law degree from the University of Alabama, he joined the military and was involved in a combat mission over Japan. Upon returning, he became an Assistant States Attorney, and later a judge of the Third Judicial Circuit of Alabama. WallaceShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1199 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Southern states, Governor George C. Wallace and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, are at the forefront of the Civil Rights Movement. In the beginning of the year, Governor Wallace will be addressing his constituents with his well-known, â€Å"Segregation Now, Segregation Forever† speech. Nevertheless, it will be seven months later, that Dr. King will convey his message in his famous, â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. Individually, they deliver historical speeches concerning civil rights, however, the dialogueRead MoreAnalysis Of I Have A Dream Speech1419 Words   |  6 Pageste levised debate, Mohamed Ali wins a gold medal and the Civil Rights Movement at its climax in America. As the chaos of segregation was unfolding in the Southern states, Governor George C. Wallace and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, were at the forefront of the Civil Rights Movement. In the beginning of the year, Governor Wallace will address his constituents with his, â€Å"Segregation Now, Segregation Forever† speech and seven months later, Dr. King will deliver his famous, â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. The twoRead More Vietnam: The Mixture of Protests and Politics1659 Words   |  7 Pagesfought. Many Americans on the home front protested their government’s involvement in the war. Many young Americans felt that there was no reason to fight for a cause they did not believe in, especially in such a strange foreign country. The civil rights movement also strongly influenced many of the war protests. This was because such a large percentage of minority soldiers sent o ver to fight were being unfairly treated. The African American soldiers were being ordered to the frontlines more often thanRead MoreAfrican Americans from 18652319 Words   |  10 Pagesexisting before the war. The Union army could offer only limited protection to the ex-slaves, and Lincoln’s successor, Andrew Johnson of Tennessee, clearly had no interest in ensuring the freedom of southern blacks. The new president’s appointments as governors of southern states formed conservative, proslavery governments. The new state legislatures passed laws designed to keep blacks in poverty and in positions of servitude. Under these so-called black codes, ex-slaves who had no steady employment couldRead MoreWhat Would You Do?2272 Words   |  10 Pagesgovernment intervention to resolve racial inequality, racism, as a mentality, continues to exist in many segments of American society and preventing complete integration. After the height of the civil rights movement, many Americans assumed that integration was successful. Due to the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s, the government took legal action in an effort to eradicate segregation in educational institutions, housing, and economic differences amongst black and white Americans. According toRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCredits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any formRea d MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesUniversity PROJECT MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright  © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in

What to Do About College Drinking

College is typically viewed as the pathway to gaining the skills and knowledge needed to embark on a successful career. However, it can also be a pathway to the casual acceptance of dangerous levels of alcohol consumption. Drinking is as much of the college experience as studying, sleep deprivation, and junk food. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, roughly 58% of college students admit to drinking alcohol, while 12.5% engage in heavy alcohol use, and 37.9% report binge drinking episodes. Terminology An alcoholic drink typically has 14 grams of pure alcohol, as defined by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Examples include 12 ounces of beer containing 5% alcohol, 5 ounces of beer containing 12% alcohol, or 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits containing 40% alcohol. Binge drinking is typically defined as men students consuming five drinks in the course of 2 hours, or women students consuming four drinks in the same time frame. The Problem While college drinking is often viewed as a fun and harmless activity, alcohol consumption among college students is associated with a variety of issues. According to the NIH: Over 1,800 college students die each year from alcohol-related incidents, such as vehicles crashes.Almost 700,000 college students are assaulted each year by someone who has been drinking.Roughly 79,000 college students report being raped or sexually assaulted (when either one or both parties have been drinking). At least 20% of college students develop an Alcohol Use Disorder, which means that alcohol consumption is impulsive and uncontrollable. These students actually crave alcohol, need to increase consumption levels to obtain the desired results, experience withdrawal symptoms, and prefer drinking to spending time with friends or engaged in other activities A full quarter (25%) of students admit that alcoholic consumption causes problems in the classroom, including such behaviors as skipping classes, failing to complete homework assignments, and performing poorly on tests. Too much alcohol can also result in fibrosis or cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatitis, a weakened immune system, and various types of cancers. Prevention Strategies While the natural response is to simply discourage college students from drinking, Peter Canavan, a public safety officer at Wilkes University, and the author of The Ultimate Guide to College Safety: How To Protect Yourself From Online and Offline Threats to Your Personal Safety At College Around Campus, tells ThoughtCo that providing fact-based information on the dangers of drinking to excess is a better approach. â€Å"Education should be the first step to a successful strategy designed to eliminate or limit drinking,† Canavan says. â€Å"Responsible drinking and knowing when you have had too much to drink are important factors to staying safe.† Besides the laundry list of negative effects listed above in this article, Canavan says it’s possible for students to become victims of alcohol poisoning the very first time they drink. Aside from heart-rate and breathing changes, quickly consuming a large amount of alcohol could lead to a comatose state or even death. â€Å"Any time an individual consumes alcohol for the first time, the effects are unknown, but alcohol does cause memory and learning issues, forgetfulness, and bad judgment.† In addition, Canavan says alcohol dulls the senses, which can be catastrophic in an emergency situation.   Canavan provides the following tips to help students stay safe: Regulate your alcohol consumption to reduce the chances of experiencing dangerous outcomes; know your limit.Never leave your drink unattended; it may be compromised with a date rape drug while it is out of your sight.College is a huge investment in your future; dont jeopardize it by making poor decisions as a result of drinking. A drunk driving accident can harm or kill you or your passengers, so dont drink and drive. If you are convicted of a DUI, you may lose your license and be unable to get to college or work. Long-term, a DUI on your driving record could prevent you from getting a good job after graduation since many employers look at that when reviewing job applications. Colleges and communities can also play a role in preventing underage and excessive alcohol consumption by educating students. Additional strategies include reducing access to alcohol through such ways as checking a student’s identification, ensuring that inebriated students aren’t served additional drinks, and limiting the number of places that sell alcoholic drinks.

God’s Creative Authority in Genesis and Job Essay

God’s role in the Bible is characterized in several different ways, with dramatically competing attributes. He takes on many functions and, as literary characters are, he is dynamic and changes over time. The portrayal of God is unique in separate books throughout the Bible. This flexibility of role and character is exemplified by the discrepancy in the depiction of God in the book of Genesis in comparison to the depiction of God in the book of Job. On the larger scale, God creates with intention in Genesis in contrast to destroying without reason in Job. However, as the scale gets smaller, God’s creative authority can be seen in both books, yet this creative authority is manifested in entirely distinctive manners. In Genesis, God as†¦show more content†¦He distinguishes his inventions with minute details and yet, simultaneously, the entire creation is pure and simple. There is no elaboration; his ideas just come into being. Once each individual creation has co me to be, God sees that is it good. Additionally, God is reasonable. There is a logical reason and a unique place for everything: â€Å"God made the dome and separated the waters that were under the dome from the waters that were above the dome† (Genesis 1:7). In addition to the content of God’s will and creations, the repetition and standardization of the verses in Genesis 1 reflect his steadiness as a creator. In stark contrast to God’s presence in Genesis, the character of God in Job strays from the ideal perfection of the divine. The concept of the ideal manifested in Genesis is embodied in God’s moral, reasonable, and rational behavior. In Job, on the other hand, rather than being reasonable, methodical, and creating life, God displays more human characteristics and plays the role of both creator and destroyer. The book of Job begins with God’s boastful bargain with Satan, which subsequently leads God to allow the total destruction of Job†™s family and livelihood. Job is even attacked physically with â€Å"loathsome sores†¦ from the sole of his foot to the crown of his head† (Job 2:7). In an uncharacteristically immoral decision, God gives Satan the power doShow MoreRelatedBiblical Worldview Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagesprovidence. According to the textbook, â€Å"the doctrine of God’s providence is related to the doctrine of creation†¦Millard Erickson compares creation and providence by calling creation â€Å"God’s originating work† and providence â€Å"God’s continuing work†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the word providence means, literally, â€Å"to see at a distance,† and can carry the connotation of â€Å"to look after† (Akin 2014, 229). â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth† (Genesis 1:1). This is God’s originating work that Erickson points out. God didRead MoreThe Biblical Teaching Of Theodicy1345 Words   |  6 Pagesteachin gs of theodicy, we need to ask ourselves a series of vital questions in what scripture has to say on the topic: God and His connection to creation; the nature of humanity; God’s connection to sin; Man’s connection to sin; and the final outcome and defeat of sin. These considerations we need to ask are key to defining God’s power, goodness and the presence of sin. A. God and His connection to creation The presence of His creation is evidence of His existence. The Bible teaches that God is transcendentRead MoreWisdom Tradition And The Old Testament Essay2163 Words   |  9 PagesWisdom Tradition is a term applied to the Old Testament books of Proverbs, Job, Sirach, Wisdom of Solomon, and Ecclesiastes. Wisdom Tradition books all share characteristics and points of view that are somewhat different than other biblical books. Wisdom tradition has very prominent characteristics from other books in the Old Testament such as a search for the goal of life, how to master it and questioning the problems of life, showing interest to human experiences that affect all people, joy ofRead MoreThe Belief That Adam And Eve2718 Words   |  11 Pagesimportant to acknowledge that Christianity is not dependent on the existence of Adam (Lamoureux, 89) but on faith in the sacrifice of Jesus Christ. Just as the portrayal of the three-tiered universe seen in Genesis is often rejected today on understan ding that the Holy Spirit spoke to the author of Genesis in a way that both he and the audience of the day would understand, it is possible that the account of Adam and creation of the first couple is to be valued for it’s etiological significance as opposedRead MoreReasons For Women s Great Leaders Essay1962 Words   |  8 Pagesleaders as we are natural multitaskers. The ability to decisively and quickly respond to simultaneous and different tasks or problems at a time is critical component to successful leadership. 7. They are motivated by challenges. Women are creative problem solvers motivated by obstacles. The desire to overcome a challenge fuels us to get things accomplished. Leaders don’t take â€Å"no† for an answer . 8. They are strong communicators. Communication is said to be among a woman’s strongestRead MoreThe Basic Theological Ideas Regarding : A. The Triune God1813 Words   |  8 PagesChrist, the Redeemer of creation†¦We affirm that natural world as God’s handiwork.† God’s creative activity is ultimately a loving act of grace. As human beings we have been given the task to â€Å"dedicate ourselves to its [creation’s] preservation, enhancement, and faithful use by humankind.† For this reason, humanity is responsible to protect and preserve creation—to use and not abuse it. This was our first job description in Genesis 1. Because God has created water, soil, plants and animals, eachRead MoreCall to Ministry3220 Words   |  13 Pagesand it includes all of our life, not only our job or vocation. Mark 3:13-14 says that Jesus called His disciples that they would first and foremost be with Him, and then to go out and preach and cast out demons. Drawing on the writings of Martin Luther, the Protestant Reformer, Guinness elaborates further: â€Å"For Luther, the peasant and the merchant - for us, the business person, the teacher, the factory worker, and the television anchor – can do God’s work ( or fail to do it) just as much as theRead MoreThe Shack Essay2386 Words   |  10 Pagesthirteen, he decided the abuse had to end. He put varmint poison in every beer bottle around the house and left his mother with a simple note that read, â€Å"I hope someday you can forgive me†. He spent the next ten years traveling and working at random jobs around the globe. In his early twenties, he began studying theology at a seminary in Australia. When he graduated, Mack decided to come back to the states and make peace with his family. He then moved to Oregon where he met and married Nannette A.Read MoreThe Vocation of the Business Leader: A Reflection15551 Words   |  63 Pagesamong the various stakeholders. In these difï ¬ cult time s for the world economy, during which many business men and women suffered the consequences of crises that deeply reduced the income of their enterprises, risked their survival, and threatened many jobs, the Church does not relinquish the hope that Christian business leaders will, despite the present darkness, restore trust, inspire hope, and keep burning the light of faith that fuels their daily pursuit of the good. Indeed, it is worth recallingRead MoreHistory of Work Ethic8363 Words   |  34 PagesHome Page Historical Context of the Work Ethic Roger B. Hill, Ph.D.  © 1992, 1996 From a historical perspective, the cultural norm placing a positive moral value on doing a good job because work has intrinsic value for its own sake was a relatively recent development (Lipset, 1990). Work, for much of the ancient history of the human race, has been hard and degrading. Working hard--in the absence of compulsion--was not the norm for Hebrew, classical, or medieval cultures (Rose, 1985). It

Fraud Triangle Not Good Enough - 3956 Words

Playing Offense in a High-risk Environment Audit | Tax | Advisory | Risk | Performance The Unique Alternative to the Big Four  ® Playing Offense in a High-risk Environment â€Å"Today’s fraudster is clever and operates in an environment ripe for criminal activity. Economic unrest is making it easier for employees to find ways to set fraud in motion – and a new breed of offenders is finding cunning ways to do so. After more than 60 years, the classic fraud triangle of three elements or events that motivate an employee to cross the line has morphed â„ ¢ into Crowe’s Fraud Pentagon. Company boards and senior management must take an offensive stance against the five conditions that precipitate fraud with a clear plan that limits the†¦show more content†¦Famed criminologist Donald R. Cressey first identified three elements – opportunity (including general knowledge and technical skill), pressure, and rationalization – as the â€Å"fraud triangle† in the 1950s to explain why people commit fraud.3 Cressey’s classic fraud triangle helps to explain many but not all situations. Fraud is more likely to occur when someone has an incentive (pressure) to commit fraud, weak controls provide the opportunity for a person to do so, and the person is able to rationalize the fraudulent behavior. e nc ga ro Ar ation naliz o Rati Co mp ete nc e Crowe’s Fraud Pentagon TM O ppo rtun ity Pressure 4 Playing Offense in a High-risk Environment fraud occurs. Competence expands on Cressey’s element of opportunity to include an individual’s ability to override internal controls and to socially control the situation to his or her advantage. Arrogance or lack of conscience is an attitude of superiority and entitlement or greed on the part of a person who believes that corporate policies and procedures simply do not personally apply. This person, perhaps fueled by today’s obscene compensation structures, has complete disregard for the consequences bestowed upon his or her victims. Competence and arrogance play a major role in determining whether an employee today has what it takes to perpetrate a fraud. Unchecked, the five elements –Show MoreRelatedHow to Incorporate the Fraud Triangle Theory797 Words   |  4 PagesThe term of â€Å"fraud triangle† was developed by Dr. Donald Cressey, a criminologist who studied embezzlers. The three basic elements of fraud triangle include perceived pressure , perceived opportunity, and the ability to rationalize. It explains the nature of many fraud offenders and also become a tool to assess the risk of fraud. It is important to companies to incorporate the fraud triangle theory in order to reduce the risk of fraud within their organization. From my standpoint, companies shouldRead MoreThe Fraud Triangle Consists Of Three Different Parts1497 Words   |  6 PagesIn life, there are many times someone sees an opportunity that can better a situation in their life. Whether morally right or wrong some still take the action to better their life even if it can potentially be considered fraud. People tend to find ways to look past their morals. These situations can be something so small as not splitting the tips at your job evenly, fixing an old gambling debt, even cheating on your taxes. Some even take it as far as creating a fake business to receive money fromRead MoreVarious Types Of Occupational Fraud962 Words   |  4 PagesTypes of Fra ud The Association of Certified Fraud Examiners displays what is known as the Fraud Tree. It is a representation of the three major types of occupational fraud (www.acfe.com). Occupational fraud is any scheme that involves employees taking cash, resources, or misapplies assets of the business for their personal gain (www.smartceo.com). Type I: Corruption Corruption is an intentional, dishonest act where an employee abuses their position in the company for personal gain (www.curtinRead MoreA Ponzi Scheme By Bernard L. Madoff Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesintroduce some of the victim’s and examines some reasons why someone might fall victim to a Ponzi scheme. The paper describes the three elements making up the fraud triangle and how they relate to the fraud and the fraudster. This paper covers Bernard Madoff’s background and history and how he committed the fraud analyzing the fraud triangle. The paper describes ways to correct the issue, accounting principles violated, and recommendations for a fix. Finally, the paper looks at internal and externalRead MoreInternal Control and Sunshine Center1322 Words   |  6 Pagesalso not a good control of monitoring. I would recommend them to use operating budgets and cash budgets. They can also use accounting records, these provide the details of business transactions. All major groups of transactions should be supported by either hard copy documents or electronic records. No transaction should be processed without management’s general or specific approval. They can keep important documents in fireproof vaults. 8. Identify the elements of the fraud triangle. WhichRead MoreInternal Control and Sunshine Center1330 Words   |  6 Pagesnot a good control of monitoring. I would recommend them to use operating budgets and cash budgets. They can also use accounting records, these provide the details of business transactions. All major groups of transactions should be supported by either hard copy documents or electronic records. No transaction should be processed without management’s general or specific approval. They can keep important documents in fireproof vaults. 8. Identify the elements of the fraud triangle. WhichRead MoreMidwest Orient Import Export Corporation806 Words   |  4 PagesImport Export Corporation Fraud Examination – ACT 565 Yuslizar Fanny (2600997) Today, in current business-world, fraud becomes a daily occurrence and it is a serious threat for all organizations, whether they are partnerships, corporations, limited liability companies or even non-profit companies. Once perpetrators start to commit fraud, they will not stop by themselves, they will continue and commit more with the bigger number as they realize how easy it is. Therefore, fraud prevention program is veryRead MoreFraud : A Broad Spectrum Of Individuals At Any Time1238 Words   |  5 PagesFraud can affect a broad spectrum of individuals at any time. Companies and consumers are losing billions of dollars every year. The effects of such deceptions can way heavily on companies and consumers. Fraud can be committed in many different ways. It can range from employee embezzlement to email scams. With increasing frequency, fraud continues to occur. No matter what the news reports, without proper controls; fraud will still occur. Proper controls and training need to be p ut in place at companiesRead MoreLIVENT, INC.: An Instructional Case4338 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ MAA350 ETHICS AND FINANCIAL SERVICES Trimester 2, 2013 ASSIGNMENT: LIVENT, INC.: An Instructional Case PART A Question A1 Outline the frauds identified in the case and explain the inconsistencies with proper accounting treatment. Relate your answer to broad accounting concepts and accounting standards where relevant. (8 marks; approximately 800 words) Answer: Livent Inc. is a theatre production corporation registered in TorontoRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Accounting Profession2258 Words   |  10 Pagescommit fraudulent accounting practices. There are a variety of factors involved in the likelihood of fraud, but certain circumstances seem to be better predictors of the possibility of fraudulent reporting. In this paper, we will examine one of the largest hallmark scandals in history. Using this example as the backdrop, we will then discuss the circumstances in which the risk of accounting fraud is highest. We will also touch on the systematic aspect of how they can occur. This will lead into

A Cry Of A Suitor Essay Sample free essay sample

Oh. ye Gods. hear my call before I go down in the dust. for though I am guilty. I would non take all of my wrongs against the house of Laertes with me down to Hades. I was a suer in Ithaca. one who for old ages has abused the cordial reception of Penelope. married woman to great Odysseus. We thought him dead who had non come place for 10s old ages since great Troy fell. When Penelope relented. conveying out Odysseus’ bow and the 12 axes. I hoped I might perchance prevail. or at least to delight at the nuptials. Oh. I did non anticipate the blood now spilt around me. Telemachus. so oft a butt of our maltreatment. could non threading the bow. or at least did non. Leodes failed. and right he was to state that many would decease by that bow. Antinous. loudest in our figure. could non flex it. We will write a custom essay sample on A Cry Of A Suitor Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eurymachus failed when his bend came. and I. and all the others. Antinous said the trial should wait. boulder clay we could give to Apollo for the bowman god’s strength. Then the mendicant spoke. the wretch at the pes of the tabular array. whom we had hardly tolerated in our thick. How we laughed at his petition. Old and decrepit as he looked. it seemed a all right joke. I raised my cup in toast to the bunk. And heard the clank of the pointer on the far stairss. Then Antinous fell. an pointer through his pharynx. and as we reeled. we saw the mendicant revealed. Great Odysseus. Oh. Gods. I knew so that our wrongs were brought back upon us. Eurymachus tried to talk soft words. but naught would comfort him. Telemachus stepped beside him. armed. and his pointers flew. Apollo does non establish shafts more lifelessly. Our extravagance. piquing wholly as we wasted his wealth. now came place as one by one we fell. Melanthius found arms in the storage room. to no help. Surely Athena sided with the crafty male monarch to strike us down. An pointer Pierces my side. I watch as Leodes. priest among the rakes. dies at Odysseus’ manus. But better to decease speedy than like at bay Melanthius. or the adult females who helped us. Death and shame are theirs. Better that this shaft drains my life blood than to confront what waits them. I am justly slain. oh Gods. a invitee who abused the cordial reception of his host. a shame to the Achaeans. But know that I feel my shame as I go down. Oh Gods. hear me as I die. Beginning: Lattimore. Richmond A. ( 1967 ) .The Odyssey of Homer. New York. New York: Harper A ; Row.

What is My Biggest Fear Essay Example For Students

What is My Biggest Fear? Essay Fear is an interesting matter of discussion. Everyone experiences fear, but each person experiences it differently. To consider all fears the same is the same as not recognizing the differences in separate species of insects. They may be similar, but each one is at least a little bit different. Fear operates in the same manner; two people may both be arachnophobic, but one may fear the dark while the other fears heights. People may have different combinations of fears, and the fears may be in a different order of how much the person fears them. For me, the fear of not being in control is atop the hierarchy of fears. That may seem like I am a control freak, and perhaps I am, but I mean it in a different manner. I do not have to necessarily be completely in control of the entire environment surrounding me, but I do need to be in control of myself, along with anything that I am put in charge of. I understand that until I graduate high school, my teachers and parents technically are in charge of me. However, I still control what I do, though depending on what I do, I may have to deal with repercussions. It is for this reason I do not respond well to being told what to do. If an order is phrased like a question so that I can at least pretend I have a choice in the matter, I will perform the task, if somewhat begrudgingly. When given an order, I may do the exact opposite, just to prove that I am still in control of myself. Being afraid of losing control has other consequences, besides being seen as a brat. When a situation gets out of my control, I worry about the outcome. Though I know it is beyond the point of me being able to change the outcome, the outcome often possesses me, not letting me do anything about stuff that I can still change. In freshman year, I had auditioned for the winter play. My nerves were fine before and during the audition, but as soon as I exited the auditorium, I nearly broke down, because regardless of how I had done in the audition, there was nothing more I could do to influence the outcome. That entire weekend, the only thought in my brain was how I may have completely bombed my audition, but it was no longer in my control, and that terrified me. In color guard, I have difficulties with the tosses because letting go of the flag means surrendering control of it. Letting go means that the pole could hit me or someone else, which would either result in being hurt or having a guilty conscience. This is actually a really good metaphor for the fear as a whole. When I let the fear control me, no pun intended, I do not perform well and I am thrown off for a bit following the incident. In guard, if I do not let go of the toss, I end up behind the other people. However, when I finally decide to just let it go, my toss normally ends up fairly decent. To overcome my fear, I need to just let it go and hope for the best. Not letting my fear consume me is the only way for me to move on with life.

Western Governors University free essay sample

In the upper Colorado River basin, four species of fish have been listed as federally endangered. In 1988, the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program (Program) was created through a distinctive agreement between a suite of entities comprising local, state, and federal agencies, water and power agencies, and environmental and tribal interests (Carlson Muth, 1993; United States Department of the Interior [USDOI], 1987). The Program was established to recover the endangered fishes while allowing for water development to proceed according to federal and state laws. To achieve the recovery goals established by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Program has embarked on a series of recovery plans focused on three primary activities. The combination of these plans is considerably different from other recovery efforts that focus on single species or activity to recover a species. Often times, these singular efforts are not successful, but efforts to focus more on benefiting the overall ecosystem are successful. We will write a custom essay sample on Western Governors University or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first action that the Program has undertaken is the manipulation of streamflows from reservoirs to more closely mimic historical conditions to which the endangered fishes were accustomed. Secondly, the Program has worked to reduce the negative impacts of competition and predation that nonnative fish species are having on the native fish. Finally in order to sustain and increase endangered fish populations, hatchery-reared fish are being stocked into the river. Research suggests that without flow http://wgu. mindedgeonline. com/content. php? cid=23905 1/12 3/7/2014 Western Governors University : RQBT5: Sample final paper #2 manipulation, non-native fish control, and hatchery stocking the endangered fishes of the Colorado River basin will not be de-listed (recovered). In this paper, I will provide an introduction as to why the four big-river fishes of the Colorado River basin are endangered and information on delisting of a species. RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 3 Background/History The Colorado River is one of the single most important bodies of water in the United States. Its life-giving water is the only single reason why the western United States has been able to be settled, farmed, and ultimately developed, giving way to the great metropolises such as Phoenix, Los Angeles, Las Vegas and many others. The Colorado River today supplies more water for consumptive use than any other river in the United States (Carlson Muth. 1989). However, the development of this great resource for mankind has put other species on the brink of extinction. In the history of the Colorado River, there were initially 54 species of fish that were native. Within those 54 species, 83% of those species were endemic (only found in that area) to the Colorado River basin (Carlson Muth, 1989). Four of these species, the big-river species, Colorado pikeminnow (Ptychocheilus lucius), razorback sucker (Xyrauchen texanus), humpback chub (Gila cypha), and bonytail (Gila elegans), found in both the Upper and Lower Colorado River basin are federally listed as endangered. Endangered species are species that are in imminent danger of becoming extinct. With the advent of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) and the establishment of the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program, efforts were being made to pull these four species once known as trash or coarse fish (Quartarone, 1995) from the chasm of extinction. Recovery of the population of an endangered species is a long process from listing, to implementing recovery actions and finally the downlisting or de-listing of the species, or its partial recovery or removal from the federal list of endangered species. The reasons for the decline of the big-river fishes of the upper Colorado River basin are many and explicably linked to the growth and development of the communities of the western United States. The primary issue that led to the decline of these species RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 4 was the regulation of the river through the construction of large mainstem dams (impoundments). The impoundment of the river into reservoirs drastically altered the biological and hydrologic conditions to which these species had evolved. The dams created large, deep reservoirs upstream, that released water for hydropower that was consistently cold, moving fish from areas near the dams as well as negatively affecting native fish reproduction by extending hatching periods, reducing growth, and making native fish larvae (young fish) more susceptible to predation by http://wgu. mindedgeonline. com/content. php? cid=23905 2/12 3/7/2014 Western Governors University : RQBT5: Sample final paper #2 nonnative fish (Bestgen 2008). The dams and their operations also changed the types of fish that were found in the river, as the conditions (temperatures, sediment loads and habitat) changed significantly enough to allow nonnative species that were either purposely planted or accidentally released to establish and thrive in basin. These species include small minnow species (red shiner, fathead minnow, sand shiner, redside shiner) to large predatory sport fish (northern pike, channel catfish, smallmouth bass, walleye). From the smallest to the largest nonnative species, they have the ability to prey upon the native fishes. The smaller species prey upon native fish larvae in backwater habitats as well as competing with them for space and food. The larger species prey upon the adult native fishes, taking away the ability of the species to effectively reproduce and recruit. The four big-river fishes of the Colorado River basin (Colorado pikeminnow, razorback sucker, humpback chub, and bonytail) are jeopardized by large mainstem dams, water diversion and nonnative fish species. The changes in the Colorado River basin have altered the river from a stream that flowed with enough force to carve canyons out of bedrock into a harnessed stream serving the people who live along its length (Ono 1983). RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 5 The four big-river species had adapted over millions of years to the difficult conditions imposed upon them by the Colorado River, extremes of streamflows, temperatures, sediment, and geology. Each species is unique and faces individual challenges in recovery. The Colorado pikeminnow is largest of the four big-river fishes and also the top native predator in the system. Once found throughout all of the Colorado River basin, from Wyoming downstream into Mexico, the pikeminnow migrated over 200 miles to and from spawning areas (United States Fish and Wildlife Service [USFWS], 2002a) . Pikeminnow were probably the species most affected by the presence of the dams (Flaming Gorge, Hoover, and Glen Canyon) as their life history is so significantly tied to their spawning migrations. With the dams, not only could they not move to their spawning grounds, but their offspring were washed into sport fish infested reservoirs if the eggs managed to hatch in cold clear waters. Pikeminnow also do not reproduce until they are approximately four years old. Historically, it would not be necessary for pikeminnow to successfully reproduce each year for the species to survive, however, with the changes to the system, now annual reproductive success is critical, and this life history trait is inhibiting that success. Razorback sucker are the most distinct of the four big-river fishes. The razorback gets its name from the distinctive nuchal hump immediately behind its head that serves to help it stay positioned in the flows of the current. Razorback suckers are also one of the two species that have persisted in both the upper and lower basins. Adults grow to a size of three feet (one meter) and have been known to spawn over submerged gravel bars in the river and rocky shoals in lower basin reservoirs (USFWS, 2002b). Razorbacks have been significantly impacted by the http://wgu. mindedgeonline. com/content. php? cid=23905 3/12 3/7/2014 Western Governors University : RQBT5: Sample final paper #2 RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 6 introduction of nonnative fishes as they specifically prey upon and compete with larval razorback suckers. Another threat to the razorback is the presence of other closely related suckers (both native and nonnative) that provide the possibility for hybridization. Humpback chub is the other species still found in both the upper and lower basins. As with the razorback sucker, the humpback chub has a prominent nuchal hump, but a hump as opposed to the sharp-edged shape of the razorback suckers ridge. Only six extant populations exist, all found well within deep, swift canyon reaches of main stem and large tributaries of the Colorado River basin (USFWS, 2002c). Bonytail, are arguably the most critically endangered, but least understood of the four fish species. Not listed as endangered until 1980, the bonytail is the only one of the four species to be primarily found only in the lower Colorado River basin once recovery was undertaken. Due to the lateness of their discovery, little is known of their preferred habitats outside of historical references (USFWS, 2002d). They were accorded their name due to the pencil-thin caudal peduncle, an adaptation to dealing with the high streamflows of the basin. The effort to delist the four big-river fish species of the upper Colorado River basin has been led by the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program. The Program has relied upon flow manipulation, nonnative fish control and stocking of hatchery reared fish in their efforts to recovery these species. If these species are to be pulled from the brink of extinction, these are the means that must occur. Flow Manipulation Studies and adaptive management have indicated that flow manipulation is the most critical of the three main efforts that must occur to recover the endangered fish RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 7 species in the upper Colorado River basin because water drives everything as it relates to fish. While the most important, flow manipulation is also the most difficult due to the number of laws affecting water rights and deliveries. The Colorado River Compact of 1922 is one of the most significant of those, detailing how water is divided between the upper and lower Colorado River basin and between the various states. Water is further divided between agriculture, municipal, and energy interests. The needs of the native fishes ultimately were an afterthought to the needs of the people. When it comes to the necessary manipulation of flows, this can create significant issues (water needs, flood control, etc). Thirteen years after the establishment of the Program, Muth et al. (2000) identified a series of recommendations aimed at altering the flows out of Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Green River, Wyoming for the benefit of the native fish, while meeting the needs of the communities. The recommendations are intended to create variation both within years as well as between years to create physiographic and geologic changes in the http://wgu. mindedgeonline. com/content. php? cid=23905 4/12 3/7/2014 Western Governors University : RQBT5: Sample final paper #2 structure of the habitat present for the endangered species. In addition to the flow recommendations on the Green River provided by Muth et al. (2000), McAda (2003) provided flow recommendations on the Colorado and Gunnison rivers. Similar to those on the Green River, the recommendations were based upon water year. As with Muth, McAda (2003) identified the effects that these flow recommendations would have on the hydrology of the river and ultimately the habitat required by the endangered fishes at different life stages. Modde and Keleher (2003) proposed similar recommendations for the Duchesne River, a tributary to the Green River in Utah, although the Duchesne River flows are intended only to provide benefit for adult Colorado pikeminnow. Sampling has shown RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 8 that the Duchesne River is primarily used by in the spring and summer months, particularly by Colorado pikeminnow for temperature preference and to escape the high flows of the Green River while foraging. The move by the Program to create and implement the series of flow recommendations on every major river within the basin illustrates the importance of the effort to the endangered fishes as well as the willingness of the participants within the Program to work towards the recovery of these fish species. Flow manipulation will also have effects on the activities to reduce negative interactions between the endangered fish and nonnative fish species. Nonnative Removal The second major endeavor of that must happen for the endangered fishes of the Colorado River basin to be delisted is to reduce if not eliminate negative interactions between the native fish and nonnative species that have been introduced into the basin (USFWS 2002a, 2002b, 2002c, 2002d; Lentsch, Muth, Thompson, Hoskins, Crowl,1996; Tyus Stauffer, 1996). Research suggests that native fish recovery in the Colorado River basin can be achieved by managing the interactions with nonnative fish. Currently nonnative species comprise the majority of the fish biomass in the basin. The impacts that these nonnative species have can be observed as competition for habitat and food as well as predation on all life stages of the endangered fishes (Lentsch et al. , 1996). Efforts to reduce the impacts of these species included restricting stocking of nonnative fish, screening outlets from recreational reservoirs, and attempts to physically remove the nonnative fish from the rivers (Nesler, 1996; Martinez, 2004; Fuller, 2009; Bestgen et al. , 2009; Trammell et al. , 2005). The nonnative fishes that have become established within the basin can typically be separated into two different groups, recreational sport fish and RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 9 non-sport fish introductions. The sport fish introductions have historically and typically been made by official agencies responsible for creating recreational fishing opportunities. http://wgu. mindedgeonline. com/content. php? cid=23905 5/12 3/7/2014 Western Governors University : RQBT5: Sample final paper #2 Following the closure of Flaming Gorge Dam in 1969, these agencies poisoned the Green River below the dam to remove the native fishes to allow for the establishment of a tailwater trout fishery. Not only did this activity directly affect the populations of native species, but it also affected populations long term through predation and competition with the nonnative species introduced post-poisoning. Additional nonnative sport fish such as largemouth bass and green sunfish have been introduced to the many reservoirs and offstream ponds within the Colorado River basin. Many of these facilities, when full, will release water and nonnative species into the rivers where they interact with native fish. Controlling these introductions has become more of a focus of the Program over the years. In 1996 three state wildlife agencies (Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming) and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service completed a report (USFWS 1996) that outlined procedures for stocking nonnative fish species in the upper Colorado River basin. While these procedures did help to address some of the issues associated with nonnative fishes in the basin by restricting new species beyond what was already present, they did not address the escapement from reservoirs and ultimately establishment in the river. Martinez and Nibbelink (2004) were the first to evaluate the effects of the stocking plans, with specific emphasis within the State of Colorado. They determined that, unfortunately, the ability to track stocking events made it nearly impossible to determine exactly what effect the stocking regulations had on endangered fish recovery. Efforts in the interim have attempted to place nets or other screening mechanisms at outlets from reservoirs with varying results along the Colorado and Duchesne rivers (Martinez, 2004; RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 10 USFWS, 2011). Martinez (2004) showed that in most cases (2 of 54 ponds) where largemouth bass were eliminated from a pond, they did not re-establish during the course of the study. However, they further determined that no evidence of their removal efforts could be observed in the river due to existing fish as well as the inability to effect removal on all ponds in the area. In the Duchesne River, a tributary to the Green River, a screen on Crystal Reservoir has prevented escapement of nonnative fishes (USFWS, 2011). In addition to managing the stocking and escapement of fish from reservoirs, the Program has placed significant time, effort and money into physically removing nonnative fishes from the river. Efforts to remove nonnative predatory fishes from the upper basin rivers have been varied from angling (Fuller, 2009) to electrofishing efforts (Hawkins, Walford, Hill, 2009). The efforts by Hawkins et al. (2009) to remove smallmouth bass from the Yampa River using electrofishing illustrated the benefit of removal activities. Hawkins et al. saw a decrease in smallmouth bass numbers that they attributed to their efforts, but in turn determined that immigration of fish into the area and reproduction likely reduced the overall effectiveness of the removal efforts. Fuller (2009) worked to remove nonnative channel catfish and smallmouth bass from the Yampa River through angling and electrofishing from 2001-2006. Angling efforts for channel catfish were discontinued after 2003 because smallmouth bass populations were increasing and electrofishing is much more effective in their capture and removal, a good http://wgu. mindedgeonline. com/content. php? cid=23905 6/12 3/7/2014 Western Governors University : RQBT5: Sample final paper #2 example of the ability of the research to adapt to management. Fuller (2009) indicated that despite removing 28,860 channel catfish and 8,243 smallmouth bass, the efforts were not going to achieve the goal of reducing these species RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 11 populations to a point that they would not impact native fish recovery. However, while not reaching the goal, the efforts were trending in the proper direction, but would require more effort to achieve exploitation of the populations. Bestgen et al. (2009) provided an accompanying analysis of Fuller evaluating the native fish response to nonnative fish removal. These researchers determined that native fish populations did not respond to the removal of nonnative fish for a few different reasons. Bestgen et al. (2009) hypothesized that native fish numbers did not increase due to an insufficient number of nonnative fish being removed, changes in streamflows and water temperatures changed as a result of drought to conditions favoring the predatory fishes, and there may have been a lack of reproductively viable native fishes to respond to the decreased nonnative populations. Ultimately they determined that additional efforts in both fish removal and monitoring of native fish response will be necessary. While Fuller (2009) and Martinez (2004) were removing sport fish, Trammell et al. (2005) detailed the efforts over three years to remove the small-bodied nonnative minnows (red shiner, fathead minnow, and sand shiner) from the Green and Colorado rivers as part of one of these studies. While these species are ultimately much smaller than the natives, adults are present in nursery habitats and prey upon native fish larvae (young fish) as they drift into the nursery habitats. Nonnative fish in these areas outnumber natives sometimes thousands to one. Removal efforts were conducted through seining (pulling a net through the water) in backwater habitats where these species were predominant. The researchers found that while hundreds of thousands of these fish were removed, no reach scale benefits were found for native fish (Trammell et al. 2005). However, one of the beneficial items from this research is that it could be RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 12 possible to remove nonnatives just prior to the arrival of drifting native larvae. This information coupled with the effects of temperatures on growth identified by Bestgen (2008), could allow native larvae to reach sizes where they will be safe from predation and thus survive at higher rates. In other areas of the basin, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (2010) biologists, found the highest numbers of young Colorado pikeminnow since 1991, likely a result of nonnative removal efforts. The ability of all life stages of native fishes to survive encounters with nonnative species will be important to overall survival, but also important to how stocking of hatchery-reared fish is managed. Stocking of Hatchery Reared Fish http://wgu. mindedgeonline. com/content. php? cid=23905 7/12 3/7/2014 Western Governors University : RQBT5: Sample final paper #2 Research suggests that unless hatchery-reared fish are stocked into the river the endangered fishes of the upper Colorado River basin will not be recovered. Stocking of fish to enhance low population numbers has been occurring for endangered species recovery efforts for many years. Due to the long life spans of the endangered Colorado River fishes along with the fact that they do not reach reproductive maturity for a number of years, stocking has been important to initially stabilize populations and then to augment the wild populations. Currently the Program has propagation capabilities at four different facilities (Dexter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center, 24 Road Hatchery, Wahweap State Fish Hatchery, and the John W. Mumma Fish Hatchery). These facilities provide thousands of individual fish to Program managers to enhance existing populations. In 2003, Nesler et al. compared the Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming state stocking plans for the four big river fishes of the Colorado River basin. During that evaluation, they determined that the state plans were inconsistent with regards to numbers to stock, age of adult fish, numbers of adult age classes, and number of years to stock. RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 13 To solve these issues, the Program decided to integrate all of the stocking plans into one single plan. The final numbers identified in the integrated plan were designed to meet the goals of the individual species recovery plans (USFWS 2002a, 2002b, 2002c, 2002d). While hatcheries can consistently provide fish for stocking into the rivers, stocking will be most effective with continued evaluation of successes. As biologists monitor the status of populations, they will in turn discuss with hatcheries and others to determine the best uses of each years output of fish. Hatcheries each year attempt to produce enough fish to meet the stocking goals. Often, the monitoring efforts must not only look at simple hatchery production, but how that production is surviving in the river. The recovery goals for razorback sucker require that two separate populations represented by 5,800 individuals each will be necessary for downlisting or delisting to occur. Zelasko, Bestgen, White, (2010) evaluated the effectiveness of the stocking plan for razorback sucker. The authors determined that stocking success was increased by not stocking razorback sucker during the summer. They also determined that stocking larger fish into the river enhanced survival but recommended that a cost benefit analysis be conducted to determine if producing fewer larger fish is more expensive than producing more, smaller fish for introduction. A few excellent examples of stocking success have been found in the White River (Loomis, 2011) and also in the San Juan River. In the White River, razorback sucker larvae from previously stocked fish have been found in the river for the first time. In the San Juan River, stocking of both Colorado pikeminnow and razorback sucker have been successful enough that both species have reproduced and now there are http://wgu. mindedgeonline. com/content. php? cid=23905 8/12 3/7/2014 Western Governors University : RQBT5: Sample final paper #2 RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 14 growing populations. Ultimately, continually refining the production from hatcheries has the best potential to significantly help in the recovery process. Conclusion In conclusion, since the western United States was settled, mankinds dependence on the Colorado River increased steadily. Water for agriculture, culinary, and municipal uses were removed from the river. In order for these needs to be fulfilled, large dams were constructed on the river, thereby altering the hydrologic characteristics of the river basin and impacting the native fishes that adapted to the extreme conditions of the basin. The regulation of the river created changes that reduced the high spring flows, lowered water temperatures, and created barriers to spawning migrations of the endangered fishes. The effects of these changes on the native fish were staggering. Nonnative fish were stocked into newly created reservoirs, where they escaped and were able to establish and thrive in the newly regulated river system. The flows released from reservoirs, cold and clear result in lower growth rates for native fish that make them more susceptible to predation by the nonnative fish, ultimately placing them in danger of extinction. These issues have pushed the four big river fishes of the Colorado River to the brink of extinction, requiring human intervention to insure that that extinction does not occur. The effort to recover the endangered fishes of the upper Colorado River basin has been led by the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program (Program). Research conducted as part of the Program has shown that by focusing on the manipulation of flows from reservoirs, controlling nonnative fishes, and stocking of hatchery-reared native fishes will allow the fishes of the Colorado River to be de-listed RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 15 (recovered). The manipulation of flows from dams will reverse some of the hydrologic impacts, re-creating portions the historic extremes of flow found in the basin, and enhance conditions that will likely favor the native fish more than the altered conditions. The establishment of nonnative fish throughout the Colorado River basin likely represents the largest threat to the endangered fishes. A diverse suite of nonnative fish, compete with and prey upon the native fish, reducing their ability to thrive. Efforts to control these fish, include management of future introductions, attempts to restrict escapement from reservoirs, and physical removal of these species. These efforts are yielding positive results, but gains are measured in small steps and require constant adaptive management. The use of hatcheries to provide large numbers of endangered fish is a time-tested means of stabilizing and increasing populations of fish. Stocking of the endangered fishes into the Colorado River basin has been ongoing for a number of years and fish stocked are now beginning to return and spawn, creating wild fish that will continue to enhance population numbers. All of these efforts must occur for these fishes to be de-listed. Currently, gains in the native populations are moving slowly towards downlisting and delisting as a result of the focused efforts to address flow manipulation, nonnative species control and stocking of hatchery-reared fishes. http://wgu. mindedgeonline. com/content. php? cid=23905 9/12 3/7/2014 Western Governors University : RQBT5: Sample final paper #2 RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 16 References Bestgen, K. (2008). Effects of water temperature on growth of razorback sucker larvae. Western North American Naturalist 68 (1), 15–20. Bestgen, K. , Walford, C. , Hill, A. , Hawkins, J. (2009). Native fish response to removal of non-native predator fish in the Yampa River, Colorado. Final Report of the Larval Fish Laboratory to the Colorado River Recovery Implementation Program, Project number 115. Ft. Collins, Colorado. Carlson, C. , Muth R. (1989). The Colorado River: lifeline of the American southwest. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (106:220–239). Carlson, C. , Muth R. (1993). Endangered species management. In C. Kohler and W. Hubert (Eds. ). Inland fisheries management in North America (pp. 355–381). American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. Fuller, M. (2009). Lower Yampa River channel catfish and smallmouth bass control program, Colorado, (2001-2006). Final Report of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service to the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program, Vernal, Utah. Hawkins, J. , Walford, C. , Hill, A. (2009). Smallmouth bass control in the middle Yampa River, 2003–2007. Final report, Larval Fish Laboratory Contribution 154, Colorado State University, Fort Collins to Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver, Colorado. RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 17 Lentsch, L. , Muth, R. , Thompson, P. , Hoskins, B. , and Crowl, T. (1996). Options for selective control of nonnative fishes in the upper Colorado River basin. Final Report. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Loomis, B. (2011). Biologists find young endangered fish in Utah river. Salt Lake Tribune, July 6, 2011. Martinez, A. (2004). An evaluation of nonnative fish control treatments in ponds along the Colorado and Gunnison rivers, 1996-2002. Final Report of the Colorado Division of Wildlife to the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program, Grand Junction, Colorado. Martinez, P. , Nibbelink N. (2004). Colorado nonnative fish stocking regulation evaluation. Final report of Colorado Division of Wildlife and Wyoming Geographic Information Science Center to the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program, Denver, Colorado. http://wgu. mindedgeonline. com/content. php? cid=23905 10/12 3/7/2014 Western Governors University : RQBT5: Sample final paper #2 McAda, C. (2003). Flow recommendations to benefit endangered fishes in the Colorado and Gunnison rivers. Final Report of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service to the Upper Colorado River Recovery Implementation Program, Project Number 54, Grand Junction, Colorado. Modde, T. Keleher, C. (2003). Flow recommendations for the Duchesne River with a synopsis of information regarding endangered fish. Draft Final Report Submitted to the Upper Colorado River basin Endangered Fishes Recovery Implementation Program Project No. 84-1, Vernal, Utah. Muth, R. , Crist, L. , LaGory, K. , Hayse, J. , Bestgen, K. , Ryan, T. , Lyons, J. (2000). Flow and temperature recommendations for endangered fishes in the Green River downstream of Flaming Gorge Dam. Project FG-53, Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program, Lakewood, Colorado. RECOVERY OF THE FOUR BIG-RIVER FISHES OF THE UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 18 Nesler, T. , Christopherson, K. , Hudson, J. , McAda, C. , Pfeifer, F. , Czapla, T. (2003). An integrated stocking plan for razorback sucker, bonytail, and Colorado pikeminnow for the upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program. Final report of the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program, Denver, Colorado. Ono, R. , Williams, J. , Wagner, A. (1983). Vanishing Fishes of North America. Stone Wall Press, Washington D. C. Quartarone, F. (1995). Historical accounts of upper Colorado River basin endangered fishes. Colorado Division of Wildlife, Denver. Trammell, M. , Meismer, S. , Speas, D. (2005). Nonnative cyprinid removal in the lower Green and Colorado rivers, Utah, UDWR publication (05–10), Salt Lake City, Utah. Tyus, H. , Saunders, F. (1996). Nonnative fishes in the upper Colorado River basin and a strategic plan for their control. Final report. Colorado